The Responsibility Of Health Care For Our Patients As A...

I believe it is the responsibility of health care professionals to care for our patients as a whole - body, mind and spirit. The United States (U.S.) is becoming progressively more diverse. Nurses play a major role in health care and can be the key to decreasing and eliminating these disparities (Haynes, 2016). Therefore, it is important the approach to be culturally and spiritually sensitive. The place that I chose to observe was a waiting room in a hospital in Florida. As I looked around I could see patients that were from several different cultures (i.e., African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Indian, Arabic and Caucasian). The health care practices that I observed were family members being given information with the purpose of instructing them on the location of their loved ones while waiting. Staff was involved to facilitate that family member understood the information given to them. Even though I did not notice any non-traditional practices in the waiting room there were interpreters setting with family as long as needed. These interpreters were available if needed to commutation between families and for that were staff unfamiliar with any culture or spiritual needs. With the new age of electronics in most all cultures, there were an abundance of electrical outlets, including USB ports. These were accessible for family and friends to run their computers and charge their mobile devices to help keep family updated that were unavailable to attend. There wereShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Values Of Healthcare912 Words   |  4 Pagessomething is very important.† (Merriam-Webster, 2015) My own definition of ethic is practicing kindness, respect, and fairness. Taking credit for the work you have done regardless good or bad. I believe children should come first because children are our future. The definition of values according to the Webster dictionary is, â€Å"usefulness or importance,† (Merriam-Webster, 2015) my own values are as follo wed treat everybody with respect and kindness. Learning from your mistakes. Don’t hold a grudgeRead MoreA Paradigm Shift to Complementary and Alternative Medicine806 Words   |  4 Pages Over the last century, religion, spirituality, and science have all played a major role in health care, although they have never been integrated with traditional medical science in the United States. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a set of medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not part or integrated as part of Western medicine which is the dominant health care system in the United States. 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Trepanning was a method where a hole was drilled intoRead MoreThe Spiritual Responsibility Of The Healthcare1608 Words   |  7 Pagespractical for the patient. Lastly, the sixth part requires establishing new associations with health care organizations and physicians. New partnerships with other health care organizations, providers, health care plans and/or health maintenance organizations allow Catholic health care institutions to stimulate the healthcare industry and minister to their obligation of religion and ethics. In other words, partnerships aid in combining the Church’s teachings with the continuum of health care in the communityRead MoreLife Is A Precious Gift From God1633 Words   |  7 Pagesowners of our lives and, hence, do not have absolute power over life. We have a duty to preserve our life and to use it for th e glory of God, but the duty to preserve life is not absolute†¦.† (2009, p. 29). They believe it is appropriate when caring for the dying to provide proper pain management and refusal of procedures that prolong life should be allowed in cases where it is not practical for the patient. Lastly, the sixth part requires establishing new associations with health care organizationsRead MoreHuman Nature Is Essentially Good And Strives For Happiness And Acceptance1233 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences, work, and hobbies. Although each individual is in charge of their lives, bodies, feelings, thoughts, they depend on empathy, respect, support, acceptance, encouragement, and social interaction. Moreover, each individual is the primary creator of his or her lives and pathways they take. Therefore, a human being influences their future by making decisions from the existing opportunities and takes responsibility for those choices. For this reason I think a balance in physical, psych ological,Read MoreEssay about Professional Presence and Influence3097 Words   |  13 PagesI’m focusing on the mind/body/spirit health model. I consider myself a spiritual person and I rely on my relationship with God through prayer to help me make the right decision, not only in my personal life, but in my professional life as well. Professional Presence Models of Health and Healing The mind/body/spirit health model is the most interesting health model for me because I believe and depend on a higher power. Era III is the one of the most interesting era’s in health and healing because

Hispanic-Oriented Casinos - 905 Words

Hispanic-oriented casinos: A gamble that has paid off For many years, Nevada casinos did not make much of an effort to attract the Hispanic demographic, despite the relatively large Hispanic population in the Southwest. There was a clear, underlying assumption that this demographic had little interest in casino gambling, at least not the high-stakes gambling conducted at typical Las Vegas casinos, where it is not unusual for patrons to gamble more than $1,000 in an evening, as well as see expensive lounge acts. Clearly, such assumptions were erroneous given that casinos specifically catering to the Hispanic market are now flourishing in Nevada. Furthermore, because the Hispanic demographic has been so long neglected, even Hispanic leaders are not complaining that their communities are being preyed upon. These new campaigns are seen as a sign of strength of Latino buying power. The efforts to make Hispanics feel more welcome are designed to show that the casinos are sensitive to this demographic groups real needs and wants. New amenities include bilingual dealers and Spanish-speaking musicians. This shows the clear principle of segmentation. Instead of trying to appeal to all customers in a universal fashion and compete with the biggest-name casinos (a virtual impossibility in Las Vegas), these smaller casinos are trying to attract and grow this specific, targeted population base. The Hispanic demographic seems to have an interest in gambling and entertainment, and hasShow MoreRelatedGeorge Lopez1863 Words   |  8 Pagesstand-up comedy, Lopez was approached by actress Sandra Bullock for Lopez to produce and star in a comedy. Bullock was concerned about the lack of Hispanic-oriented sitcoms on American television and pushed to get a sitcom on television that starred Hispanics without being exclusively about the Hispanic American community. 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Professional Ethics Bribery Act

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Ethicsfor Bribery Act. Answer: Introduction The report ideally focuses on understanding and evaluating the concept of bribery while also in evaluating the economic, ethical, legal and moral viewpoints of the practice of generating and acceptance of bribes in the larger society. Empirical discussions from journal articles and other literary sources like books would be employed for conducting the needed analysis and in generation of needful inferences. Conceptual Understanding of Bribery The Bribery Act of 2010 identifies bribery as the improper rendering and receiving of financial and non-financial advantage based on the influence generated out of an individuals position and trust in an organisation. The act of bribery that does not involve the direct transfer or exchange of cash focuses on rendering of expensive gifts and generation of services like lavish treatments and facilities or encouraging individuals taking bribes to avail air and rail tickets to significant events(Zafar Lodhi, 2015). The history of bribery is observed to have its roots to around 3000 B.C. and also the issue of bribery is also condemned by the Islamic law in different Islamic nations. The act of bribery tends to significantly affect the capitalist economic system around the world. Bribery potentially affects the free market economy in that it reduces the level of productivity required to be accrued for the producer or manufacturer. Further, bribery related activities is also evaluated to h elp in generating greater funds, facilities and amenities in the hands of the richer population such that the highest amount would go to the person generating the highest bid(Carrigan De Pelsmacker, 2009). The act of bribery also generates increased distrust among the minds of the individuals relating to the different institutions government, non-government, legal, religious and also other professional institutions in which bribery is observed to be highly present among the employees and other authorities. The existence of bribery in a society significantly affects and degrades the value generated by the different types of commercial, non-commercial, governmental and non-governmental institutions. It tends to create a social revolution that in turn affects the level of dependency of individuals on the different types of social institutions (Lauer Cohenour, 2014). The above discussion thus proves the taking of bribes by individuals relating to higher authorities is erroneous in nature and thus requires being effectively monitored and restrained. Bribery is also identified as the root of all corruptive activities that takes place inside a society and thereby attracts the attention of in ternational conventions for tacking the impacts of bribery on the larger society(Brunori, Malandrin, Rossi, 2012). Two main types of briberies that are carried out in corporate firms like public and commercial bribery are defined and compared as is illustrated in the following illustration. (Lord, 2016) Economic Evaluation of Bribery The economic approach to bribery focuses on undertaking and evaluating its impacts based on a clinical cost-benefit fashion. The economic approach to bribery considers as the act of bribery to be legitimate such that the individual paying for the bribe ideally gets access to benefits and opportunities that are expected by the person. The public services like gaining opportunities of admitting children in expensive and elite educational institutions, quality and premium healthcare services and also regarding employment opportunities in both public and private institutions encourage individuals to pay for bribes to authorities involved in such firms. The public and private authorities focusing on gaining hefty bribes aim to create an environment that reflects lack or scarcity of resources that thereby require individuals interested in availing such opportunities to pay for the increased monetary and non-monetary demands of the scrupulous authorities(Zhang, 2015). Further, the high amount of bribes required by public and private authorities thereby reflect only the richer masses in the society to continually gain larger opportunities relating earning effective benefits generated by the institutions. Again, people suffering from poverty and lack of needed education feel the urge for generation of bribes to gain access to scarce and expensive resources. The interest for paying increased amount of bribes tend to gain ground owing to the growing urge for individuals in gaining access to public services (Calkins, 2014). It is also observed that growth in the number of contacts of individuals to public services tends to enhance their chances regarding the payment of bribes. Contacts of individuals with public services tends to vary according to the age of individuals where elderly people though do not require approaching educational institutions for admitting their children yet require to generate bribes for gaining benefits like pensions and other elderly benefits over which they have legal rights(Gonzalez-Padron, 2016). Increasing awareness among youths and other individuals related to the need for generation of bribes to authorities in government and non-government institutions contributes to the growth of practice regarding the rendering of bribes. Thus, employment of social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter further encourages the growth of word-of-mouth based communication that positively influences the bribing practices. Bribery is observed to have reduced influence on the poor people owing to their limited or reduced access and interests in availing better living, health, education and other types of social and economic opportunities (Johnson, 2014). Higher authorities operating in government institutions are observed to fetch bribes not only in cash and equivalent from their clients and also from the client groups of the institution but also evaluate and measure the amount of bribes obtained compared to the number of contracts generated from their end (Peterson, 2013). Higher rank ing officials and authorities in government and non-government firms are observed to demand around 4.7 percent of the total contract value as bribes while the lower ranking officials tend to demand around 1.2 percent of the amount generated as contract values. Further, cash bribes are observed to be largely prevalent in poorer economies owing to the existence of increased customs (Bowen, 2013). Legal Evaluation of Bribery The legal evaluation of bribery is carried out through the incorporation of legal statutes pertaining to different economies both developed and emerging. In United States, bribery is considered as a potential crime such that it focuses on punishing any individual identified with rendering of valuable gifts and increased amounts for influencing public officials and higher authorities for helping in the accomplishment of tasks and also in gaining access to public resources and infrastructures. The American law focuses on punishing individuals identified committing bribery with a fine that amounts to three times the total amount rendered to public officials as bribe and also an imprisonment of around 15 years (Uusitalo Oksanen, 2004). The law relating to bribery and corruption encompasses different rules that aim to punish different individuals involved with the activities for rendering and also taking of bribes. Bribes here are identified as different types of cash and non-cash emoluments like assets, services and different types of favours that are generated by individuals to public officials and authorities operating along both private and public institutions for meeting of private interests (Suikkanen, 2014). Further, the law relating to bribery to help avoid certain misunderstandings associated with the identification of real cases of bribery rightly states that the act of bribery is more involved with the exchange or transfer of property. The exchange or transfer of property is made with an intention or effort associated with influencing an authority for generating a favourable decision and also for helping in gaining of needed access to properties and scarce resources(Yang Jiang, 2014). The American law associated with bribery also restrains individuals involved with the taking of bribes from holding the position of authority in public offices. Further the proving of crime associated with bribery requires the collection of facts and evidences from individuals that were present during the scene when bribery. The people identified for generation of evidences are held as witness to the bribery event and significantly contribute in rendering of first hand information associated with the bribery issue. However defence attorneys insisting to arrive at the truth related to the bribery issue further focuses on cross-examining the evidence rendered by the witnesses. Cross-checking or cross-examination of the issues or evidences highlighted by the witnesses is required to be conducted by the attorney such that the same helps in reduction of the element of bias (Angle Slote, 2013). Public officials identified in the Law relating to bribery and corruption in United States are identified as persons like Members of Congress, delegates and also resident commissioners and also other individuals identified to be working on behalf of the US Government. Again, public officials as identified in the American statute related to corruption are also identified as government departments or agencies or such designated to be operating based on the guidelines or directions generated by government agencies, departments and branches. Again, the term public official is identified as a person that is nominated or rather appointed as a public official by the agencies or departments related to the US Government. Further, a person that has been identified and selected as a public official is rather appointed or nominated to act in the role of a public official by the government bodies and authorities (Athanassoulis, 2013). Ethical Evaluation of Bribery The ethical evaluation of bribery reflects that in some economies the aspect or event of paying bribes is not identified as an ethical issue. The generation of bribes or the cost required to be expended by an individual for payment of bribes to superior officials and parties are only identified as an extension of business cost. The aspect of bribery is identified as a potential crime for business institutions such that a survey conducted during 2014 reflected that around 70 percent of the organisations associated with the extractives industry, 63 percent of organisations related to the defence and security sectors while around 47 and 33 percent of the companies belonging to the pharmaceutical and media market are observed to be increasingly connected with the generation of bribes (Angle Slote, 2013). Close evaluation of cases associated to corporate bribery potentially reflects that different types of gifts and rewards are generated to corporate authorities by individuals as a mode of fulfilling and addressing social customs relating to different economies. Individuals focusing on rendering different types of gifts whether cash based or not are thereby required to identify the customs and cultures associated with the different economies (Wheeler, 2013). The evaluation of local customs related to the rendering and acceptance of gifts would help the individuals to rightly judge and evaluate cases of appreciation and rejection of gifts. Individuals or institutions thus aiming to render and accept gifts and cash or non-cash rewards are required to conduct a thorough study of the codes of conduct of the different firms. The study of codes of conduct for the firms would help in gaining a clear knowledge of the moral expectations of the institutions and thereby would encourage the indiv iduals to act in a likewise fashion (Frding, 2012). International business institutions are observed to be caught in a dilemma associated with the ethical aspect of gifts and rewards whether monetary or non-monetary in nature owing to the fact that some economies reflect increased acceptance of such rewards and gifts. Bribery in whatsoever form is identified to be highly unethical and illegal in developed economies like United States and United Kingdom. Some economies however reflect that is not possible to conduct business and also non-business operations without the taking and acceptance of bribes, cash or otherwise (Russell, 2013). Generation of a gift to an individual operating in a significant role in a business or non-business institution is identified as a crime in United States while in Romania the same is observed as a normal way for gaining exposure and conducting of business activities. Similarly, in Germany cost or expenditure incurred relating to the generation of gifts and rewards are effectively written off by the organisations while the Japanese organisations tend to identify such costs as a potential part of the prime cost of business operations conducted by the firm (Herring, 2013). Further, the event of bribery is also identified by diverse names in different economies with also the existence of legal statutes governing and controlling the generation of bribes to government, public and private institutions and parties. Paying of bribes are considered legally correct in different countries owing to several reasons like the practice and influence of competitor firms in generation of bribes to capt ure stakes in existing businesses, increased delays owing to slow bureaucratic system, influence of tax laws in encouraging bribery and also the existence of below average level salaries and compensations generated to the staffs of public institutions (Boje, 2015). Moral Position of Bribery Bribery is considered as a social crime in that it affects the value of shared ideals that focuses on generating a common good. The act of bribery only focuses on meeting the objectives of material gains rather than enhancing social and common good. Bribery betrays shared ideals such that it affects and suffers the generation of common good. Though the act of bribery tends to increase the level of economic costs and reduces the amount of benefits accruing to the society yet bribery is also analysed to reflect a moral dimension. The generation of bribes by some individuals in the form of gifts and amounts and the acceptance of such by other individuals holding positions of authority along both public and private institutions rightly reflect the existence of moral gaps (Johnstone, 2015). The existence of bribery in the larger society thus contributes in generating increased awareness about moral loopholes that tend to affect the fabric of trust and dependency. The same requires the development of effective strategies that would help in formulating potential solutions and remedies to social problems generated from the bribing public officials and authorities. Further, the rendering and acceptance of bribes by members of the society also creates potential gaps in the regulatory mechanisms such that the same requires the development of effective regulations and statutes and codes of conduct to be followed by the officials and authorities of both public and private institutions. Moreover, the existence of bribery and corruptive activities in the larger society also contributes in enhancing the level of social awareness to potentially cease the practice of rendering and acceptance of bribes. The same requires the different social institutions to form effective partnerships with other institutions for helping in fighting the activities involving corruption and bribery (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). Further, the event of bribery also requires understanding and evaluating the need for revising the compensation structure of public officials such that the same would encourage and motivate them to not accept bribes. Moreover, the development of an effective payment structure would also make the public officials understand and feel that the government is conscious of their needs for which the compensation structures have been revised based on contemporary standards. The above feelings and evaluations would rightly help in reducing the generation and acceptance of bri bes in the greater society (Morris, 2015). Conclusions The analysis carried out in the report potentially reflects that the generation of bribery acts as a potential economic cost for the richer and middle income persons in the society and also influences other individuals along the richer society for generation of further bribes. The incorporation of the social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter considerably influences the youths and elderly persons for following others in the generation of bribes to public officials and authorities for getting the work done. The analysis of the legal aspect of bribery reflects needed confusion in that some countries tend to accept bribery as an extension of the operation cost of the firm. Further, different types of legal statutes both along the developed and emerging economies are developed to potentially reduce the incidence of bribery along government and private institutions. The ethical aspect of bribery analyses the ethical significance of the generation of gifts and non-cash bribery to public officials in that in some countries like Romania and Greece the generation of gifts is not considered unethical as in developed economies like United States and United Kingdom. Finally, the moral aspect of bribery is also discussed in the report where the incidence and growth of bribery tends to create and enhance the level of awareness in the greater society regarding the generation of codes of conduct and other regulations for controlling and reducing its impact. References Angle, S., Slote, M. (2013). Virtue Ethics and Confucianism. New York : Routledge . Athanassoulis, N. (2013). Virtue Ethics. United States : AC Black. Boje, D. M. (2015). Organizational Change and Global Standardization: Solutions to Standards and Norms Overwhelming Organizations. New York : Routledge . Bowen, S. A. (2013). Using Classic Social Media Cases to Distill Ethical Guidelines for Digital Engagement. Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 119133. Brunori, G., Malandrin, V., Rossi, A. (2012). Trade-off or convergence? The role of food security in the evolution of food discourse in Italy. Journal of Rural Studies , 1-11. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. (2013). Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing. United States: Cengage Learning. Calkins, M. (2014). Developing a Virtue-Imbued Casuistry for Business Ethics. United Kingdom : Springer Science Business Media. Carrigan, M., De Pelsmacker, P. (2009). Will ethical consumers sustain their values in the global credit crunch? 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New York : Routledge . Morris, S. (2015). Science and the End of Ethics. United Kingdom : Springer. Peterson, M. (2013). The Dimensions of Consequentialism: Ethics, Equality and Risk. United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. Russell, D. C. (2013). The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Suikkanen, J. (2014). This Is Ethics: An Introduction. United Kingdom : John Wiley Sons. Uusitalo, O., Oksanen, R. (2004). Ethical consumerism: a view from Finland. International Journal of Consumer Studies , 214-221. Wheeler, H. (2013). Law, Ethics and Professional Issues for Nursing: A Reflective and Portfolio-Building Approach. New York : Routledge . Yang, Z., Jiang, L. (. (2014). Managing corporate crisis in China: Sentiment, reason, and law. Business Horizons , 1-9. Zafar, R., Lodhi, S. (2015). The Study Of Ethical Issues In Restaurant Of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Technology Research, 4 (11), 370-374. Zhang, M. (2015). International Franchising: Food Safety and Vicarious Liability in China. Franchise Law Journal , 35 (1), 93-103.

Red Eye Effect and Animal Eyes

Red-eye that appears in most flash photos is a common problem today. At the back of the eye, retina reflects flash light emanating from camera. This type of reflection is one of the major causes of red-eye in flash pictures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Red Eye Effect and Animal Eyes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, red-eye in photos may appear due to larger surface area provided by iris when in low-light environment (Sollars et al. 603). It is worth pointing out that individuals who take photographs normally use flash when in low-light conditions and as such the surface area provided by iris may cause red-eye effect. The emergence of digital photo technology is yet another reason why red-eye appears in flash photos (Sollars et al. 603). It can be attributed to a small or lack of space for films and internal mechanics compared to other cameras that use films. It is also important to note that a d igital camera has its lens closer to the flash. Consequently, when a picture is taken using a flash, the red-eye occurs since reflection from the iris part of the eye takes place when flash enters it. Thereafter, the reflected light goes back to the camera. Today, most digital shoot and new point cameras being used have been modified in such a way that lens is situated right below and close to the flash. This enhances red-eye. Furthermore, lack of tapeum lucidum is another known cause of red-eye in photos. Color pigment found in epithelium of retina gives out the fundus color which in effect causes red eye. Reflection of the flashlight by the fundus is recorded in the camera. Most cameras lack an option for eliminating red eye (Rosolen et al. 145). Similar to digital cameras, they do not have room for adding an external flash away from the camera for lack of a hot shoe.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reduction feature found in most cameras today cannot fully eliminate the red-eye problem even with a pre flash prior to image exposure by the camera. The reduction feature only causes the actual picture to have a small iris. Discuss why animal eyes glow green when illuminated at night. Animal eyes have cone and rods. These are important light receptors that help them in dim light conditions to function well. At night, nocturnal animals which are usually known have less cones and more rods are able to visualize motions and gather light for easy navigation from distant sources such as stars and moon (Sollars et al. 603). The reason why green color is seen when light illuminates their eyes is due to the membrane at the back of their eyes which resembles a mirror. The spooky eye shine is a glow in the eye when bright light is shone through their eyes. Besides,the strength of light reflected tends to be higher than its normal strength when originating from re tina due to the tapetum lucidum (Rosolen et al. 145). This reflection from the tapestry of cells enhances vision of animals and appears green under spotlight. Different animals exhibit varying colors when tapetum is reflected. Additionally, it is important to note that not all light that enters eyes are absorbed into retina. However, an animal uses what has been absorbed and reflected back from tapestry of cells to manage vision. At night, animals gather light from distant illuminating objects sources such as stars and moon. The very light is reflected in the retina to enable night vision. The ricocheting of that light during illumination of animals’ eyes at night is seen as green color (Rosolen et al. 145). Works Cited Rosolen, Serge G. et al. â€Å"The ERG of the beagle dog: evidence associating a post b- wave negativity with the tapetum lucidum.† Documenta Ophthalmologica 110.2- 3 (2005): 145.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Red Eye Effect and Animal Eyes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sollars, Patricia et al. â€Å"Melanopsin and non-melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells innervate the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus.† Visual Neuroscience 20.6 (2003): 601-610. This essay on Red Eye Effect and Animal Eyes was written and submitted by user Jonathan Ortega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Aldo Leopold

Aldo Leopold: Philosophy of Conservation In â€Å"A Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold he describes his lessons, his concerns, and his love of nature and its conservation. Through out the book one thing is obvious, Leopold’s fire about nature and his hatred about what we as humans do to it ignorantly. He says it best in this quote â€Å"Above all we should, in the century since Darwin, have come to know that man, while captain of the adventuring ship, is hardly the sole object of its quest, and that his prior assumptions to this effect arose from the simple necessity of whistling in the dark.†(p109) Leopold basically says in this quote that humans are very greedy and stupid creatures. Humans only think of themselves and what will be best for us, and not for the environment. Once the environments condition starts effecting is when we start paying attention. Trees and animals cannot talk so we must talk for them and think for them also. When we do something to the environment we should th ink of the effects to it and what it will disturb and ultimately lead to. When we don’t think of these things and destroy habitat of animals it ultimately leads to extinction. Leopold also had a significant passage about extinction, â€Å"For one species to mourn the death of another is a new thing under the sun. The Cro-Magnon who slew the last mammoth thought only of steaks. The sportsman who shot the last [Passenger] pigeon thought only of his prowess. The sailor who clubbed the last auck thought of nothing at all. But we, who have lost our pigeons, mourn the loss. Had the funeral been ours, the pigeons would hardly have mourned us. In this fact, rather than in Mr. DuPont's nylons or Mr. Vannevar Bush's bombs, lies objective evidence of our superiority over the beasts. (p109-110) This passage is nothing but true and makes Leopold sick because we think absolutely nothing about it. The person who kills the last tiger will only ... Free Essays on Aldo Leopold Free Essays on Aldo Leopold Aldo Leopold: Philosophy of Conservation In â€Å"A Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold he describes his lessons, his concerns, and his love of nature and its conservation. Through out the book one thing is obvious, Leopold’s fire about nature and his hatred about what we as humans do to it ignorantly. He says it best in this quote â€Å"Above all we should, in the century since Darwin, have come to know that man, while captain of the adventuring ship, is hardly the sole object of its quest, and that his prior assumptions to this effect arose from the simple necessity of whistling in the dark.†(p109) Leopold basically says in this quote that humans are very greedy and stupid creatures. Humans only think of themselves and what will be best for us, and not for the environment. Once the environments condition starts effecting is when we start paying attention. Trees and animals cannot talk so we must talk for them and think for them also. When we do something to the environment we should th ink of the effects to it and what it will disturb and ultimately lead to. When we don’t think of these things and destroy habitat of animals it ultimately leads to extinction. Leopold also had a significant passage about extinction, â€Å"For one species to mourn the death of another is a new thing under the sun. The Cro-Magnon who slew the last mammoth thought only of steaks. The sportsman who shot the last [Passenger] pigeon thought only of his prowess. The sailor who clubbed the last auck thought of nothing at all. But we, who have lost our pigeons, mourn the loss. Had the funeral been ours, the pigeons would hardly have mourned us. In this fact, rather than in Mr. DuPont's nylons or Mr. Vannevar Bush's bombs, lies objective evidence of our superiority over the beasts. (p109-110) This passage is nothing but true and makes Leopold sick because we think absolutely nothing about it. The person who kills the last tiger will only ... Free Essays on Aldo Leopold Leopold Essays Aldo Leopold, a wildlife conservationist, wrote the â€Å"Land Ethic† to alert the American people of the unethical use of land in the United States. He stresses the importance of creating a universal understanding that land needs to be preserved, and that will only come when humans adopt a land ethic. He compares the ethics in business and society to the ethics in land use; concluding, people need to be educated in a â€Å"land ethic† as they are in business ethics. Land is considered private property by many, and most people believe that they can do whatever they please with their own personal property, but there are millions of organisms that live on this planet and rely on the land to survive. Leopold doesn’t ask his fellow man to stop the management of land, he simply pleads to allow for a continued existence of the land, and in some areas the existence of land in its natural state. Land is the foundation in the biotic pyramid, where all life’s energy begins. The land gives life to plants, which feed insects, who make up meals for larger animals, which end up being the food for larger carnivores. Humans need to be more thoughtful when using the land, for a love and appreciation of the land is necessary before an ethical relation to the land can exist. The pleas that Leopold makes to acquire an ethical outlook on land use are necessary. His concepts of how humans should treat the land with love and respect are even more widely known today because of him. Environmental issues have become concerns of the majority of Americans today, but when he wrote the book, the Sandy County Almanac, many of the issues and ideas he explains were new to people. He inspired a need for land reform in the hearts and minds of millions. When I read this essay, I found many of his concepts to be very interesting and important, although it wasn’t the first time I heard these ideas. The biotic pyramid says the land is...

Pros and Cons of the Corn-Based Plastic PLA

Pros and Cons of the Corn-Based Plastic PLA Polylactic acid (PLA), a plastic substitute made from fermented plant starch (usually corn) is quickly becoming a popular alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. As more and more countries and states follow the lead of China, Ireland, South Africa, Uganda and San Francisco in banning plastic grocery bags responsible for so much so-called â€Å"white pollution† around the world, PLA is poised to play a big role as a viable, biodegradable replacement. Proponents also tout the use of PLA, which is technically â€Å"carbon neutral† in that it comes from renewable, carbon-absorbing plants, as yet another way to reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases in a quickly warming world. PLA also will not emit toxic fumes when incinerated. However, there are still issues with the use of polylactic acid such as its slow rate of biodegradability, its inability to mix with other plastics in recycling, and its high use of genetically modified corn (though arguably the latter could be one of the good effects of PLA as it provides a good reason to alter crop yields with genetic splicing). The Cons of PLA: Biodegradation Rate and Recycling Critics say that PLA is far from a panacea for dealing with the world’s plastic waste problem. For one thing, although PLA does biodegrade, it does so very slowly. According to Elizabeth Royte, writing in Smithsonian, PLA may well break down into its constituent parts (carbon dioxide and water) within three months in a â€Å"controlled composting environment,† that is, an industrial composting facility heated to 140 F and fed a steady diet of digestive microbes. It will take far longer in a compost bin, or in a landfill packed so tightly that no light and little oxygen are available to assist in the process. Indeed, analysts estimate that a PLA bottle could take anywhere from 100 to 1,000 years to decompose in a landfill. Another issue with PLA is that it must be kept separate when recycled, lest it contaminates the recycling stream; since PLA is plant-based, it needs to be disposed of in composting facilities, which points to another problem: There are currently a few hundred industrial-grade composting facilities across the United States. Finally, PLA is typically made of genetically modified corn, at least in the United States. The largest producer of PLA in the world is NatureWorks, a subsidiary of Cargill, which is the world’s largest provider of genetically modified corn seed. This is tricky because the future costs of genetic modification (and the associated pesticides) to the environment and human health are still largely unknown. Pros of PLA Over Plastics: Utility and Biodegradability Genetically modified foods may be a controversial issue, but when it comes to genetically spicing plants together to breed corn that yields more crops for industrial use has its major advantages. With the increasing demand for corn to make ethanol fuel, let alone PLA, it’s no wonder that Cargill and others have been tampering with genes to produce higher yields. At least harmful plastic isnt be used as frequently anymore! Many industries are using PLA because they are capable of biodegrading at a much faster rate than plastic while still offering the same level of sanitation and utility. Everything from plastic clamshells for food take-out to medical products can now be made from PLA, which drastically reduces the carbon footprint of these industries. While PLA has promise as an alternative to conventional plastic once the means of disposal are worked out, consumers might be better served by simply switching to reusable containers, from cloth bags, baskets, and backpacks for grocery shopping to safe, reusable (non-plastic) bottles for beverages.

Generation of electricity using Biomass in Nova scotia, Canada Term Paper

Generation of electricity using Biomass in Nova scotia, Canada - Term Paper Example People are deeply at odds over the proposal, for many support this idea when some others question the viability and sustainability of this project. Evidences suggest that today many countries are successfully generating electricity from biomass to resolve their electricity crises. Referring to the shortcomings of other major electricity generation techniques and the available resources of Nova Scotia, it can be argued that electricity generation from biomass will be a potential proposal for the region. This paper will discuss why Nova Scotia must generate electricity from biomass to meet its power needs and to make electricity cost affordable to its people. 2. Discussion 2:1. Potentiality of generating electricity from biomass â€Å"Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms† (Biomass Energy Centre). Biomass is a broader term that represents diverse fuels derived from agriculture and food wastes and timber. Sewage sludge and animal manure may also form biomass fuel whereas it is also derived from trees. Considering the regeneration capacity of trees, it seems that biomass fuels are renewable. In the context of rapidly deteriorating non-renewable energy resources, the biomass fuels have a vital role to play in the electricity generation. ... Currently, lumber or other wood wastes are burnt in most biomass power plants. According to Augustine and Bockenhauer, in direct combustion power plants, biomass fuel is burnt direct in boilers which in turn provide steam for steam-electric generators. Under the biomass gasification process, biomass is initially converted into methane which is capable of fuelling steam generators, fuel cells, and combustion turbines. The major benefit of biomass gasification over direct combustion is that â€Å"extracted gasses can be used in a variety of power plant configurations† (Power Scorecard). The major argument against biomass fuelled power plants is that they cause air emissions. Although this argument is valid and has many environmental reasons to justify, it is not sufficient to abandon the concept of biomass fuelled electricity. Air emissions can be reduced by carefully choosing fuel and technology. There is a common perception that electricity generated using renewable technologi es is more expensive than the electricity generated from fossil fuels. Although it may be true in the case of wind energy and solar energy, electricity generation using biomass is cost-effective. In addition, this technique is considered to be greenhouse neutral. This feature is really advantageous in the context of current global warming and climate change issues. According to the findings of US Energy Information Administration, biomass fuelled power plants assist the agriculture industry to solve waste disposal problems. In terms of availability, biomass is better than other renewable technologies such as solar energy. Since biomass is easy to convert into high energy portable fuel forms like gas or alcohol, electricity can be easily generated from biomass without the application of